Coastal Area Conservation Based on Responsible Management Principles: an Indonesia-Malaysia Legal Study
Keywords:
Indonesia, coastal areas, management, Malaysia, state responsibilityAbstract
Purpose: This study reviews regulations in Indonesia (for example, Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands) as well as policies and regulations in Malaysia that are more integrated into spatial and environmental planning.
Research methods: The study uses a normative, empirical, and comparative juridical approach with data collection methods through literature studies, interviews, and documentation, and is analyzed qualitatively and comparatively to assess the effectiveness of coastal conservation in Indonesia and Malaysia based on the principles of responsible management.
Results and discussion: The finding that Indonesia has fairly comprehensive regulations but less than optimal implementation suggests that legal reform should not always add new regulations, but rather strengthen the effectiveness of existing regulations. Harmonization of cross-sectoral regulations (environment, spatial planning, fisheries) is crucial. Strengthening derivative legal instruments (PP, Perda, technical guidelines) is necessary to ensure that conservation principles are truly implemented.
Implication: Implications for environmental law enforcement, given the differences in law enforcement effectiveness between Indonesia and Malaysia, Indonesia needs to strengthen coordination between institutions (central and regional).
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